Fenofibric acid is an oral fibric acid antilipemic agent; it is the active metabolite of fenofibrate. Fenofibric acid is indicated for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides 500 mg/dL or greater) to reduce the risk of pancreatitis. Guidelines indicate that fenofibric acid may be utilized as add-on therapy for individuals with persistent moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia (150 to 499 mg/dL and greater than 500 mg/dL, respectively) following optimization of LDL-cholesterol lowering statin therapy. Due to a lower risk of myopathy and drug interactions, fenofibric acid is preferred over gemfibrozil. While fenofibric acid is FDA-approved for the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia, its impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk has not been established; thus, it is typically reserved for patients severe hypertriglyceridemia despite lifestyle modification, dietary changes, and lipid lowering therapy or as an alternative to icosapent ethyl (e.g., patients without access to icosapent ethyl). Insufficient data are available to determine the impact of fenofibric acid therapy on the risk of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality, particularly in patients receiving statin therapy and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A reduction in ASCVD risk has been observed in individuals with elevated triglycerides and low HDL-C concentrations. Icosapent ethyl is the preferred adjunctive therapy in individuals with persistently elevated triglycerides who require additional ASCVD risk reduction.
General Administration Information
For storage information, see specific product information within the How Supplied section.
Route-Specific Administration
Oral Administration
-Fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules or tablets may be taken without regard to meals.
Oral Solid Formulations
Delayed-Release Capsules
-Swallow capsules whole. Do not open, crush, dissolve, or chew the capsules.
Tablets
-Swallow tablets whole. Do not crush, dissolve, or chew tablets.
Gastrointestinal side effects, such as dyspepsia, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting, are among the most commonly reported adverse effects reported with fenofibric acid and generally occur in 3% to 5% of patients. In fenofibrate trials (at a dose equivalent to 135 mg fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules and 105 mg fenofibric acid tablets), the incidence of constipation, nausea, and abdominal pain are 2.1%, 2.3%, and 4.6%, respectively. In clinical trials of fenofibric acid monotherapy, diarrhea, and dyspepsia were reported in 3% or more of patients. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis can potentially occur during fenofibric acid therapy as a result of increased cholesterol excretion into the bile. If cholelithiasis is suspected, gallbladder studies are indicated. Discontinue fenofibric acid if gallstones are found during examination.
Pancreatitis has been reported in patients taking fenofibric acid and other fibrates. Pancreatitis may represent a failure of efficacy in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, a direct drug effect, or a secondary phenomenon mediated through biliary tract stone or sludge formation with obstruction of the common bile duct. Markedly elevated levels of serum triglycerides (e.g., greater than 2,000 mg/dL) may increase the risk of developing pancreatitis. The effect of fenofibric acid therapy on reducing this risk has not been adequately studied.
Hepatotoxicity or drug-induced liver injury (DILI), including liver transplantation and death, have been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibric acid. DILI occurred within the first weeks to several months after starting fenofibric acid therapy and was reversible upon discontinuation in some cases. DILI has been characterized as hepatocellular, chronic active, and cholestatic hepatitis, as well as, cirrhosis in association with chronic active hepatitis. Reported signs and symptoms of DILI include dark urine, abnormal stool, jaundice, malaise, abdominal pain, muscle pain, weight loss, itching, and nausea. Elevated hepatic enzymes (reported as abnormal liver function tests) were reported in 7.5% of patients (vs. 1.4% placebo) during clinical trials of fenofibrate (at a dose equivalent to 135 mg fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules and 105 mg fenofibric acid tablets). Specifically, elevated ALT was reported in 3% of patients (vs. 1.6% placebo) and elevated AST was reported in 3.4% of patients (vs. 0.5% placebo). Fenofibric acid is the active metabolite of fenofibrate. In a pooled analysis of 3 clinical trials, increases in ALT or AST of 3 times the upper limit of normal or greater on 2 consecutive occasions were reported in 1.9% and 0.2% of patients on fenofibric acid 135 mg delayed-release capsules or placebo therapy, respectively. In a pooled analysis to 10 clinical trials, increases in ALT to greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 5.3% of patients taking fenofibrate versus 1.1% of patients taking placebo. A return to normal limits was usually observed either after treatment discontinuation or continued treatment. In an 8-week study of fenofibrate, the incidence of ALT or AST elevations of 3 times the upper limit of normal or greater was 13% in patients receiving dosages equivalent to 35 mg to 105 mg of fenofibric acid tablets per day or 90 to 135 mg of fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules and was 0% in those receiving dosages equivalent to 35 mg or less of fenofibric acid tablets per day, 45 mg or less of fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules per day, or placebo. Cirrhosis, hepatitis, and increased total bilirubin have been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibric acid. Monitor liver function, including serum transaminases (ALT, AST) and bilirubin, at baseline and periodically for the duration of fenofibric acid treatment. Persistent elevations of 3 times the upper limit of normal or greater should result in discontinuation of fenofibric acid therapy. Do not restart fenofibric acid therapy in these patients if there is no alternative explanation for the liver injury.
Acute hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions and angioedema, have been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibrate; some cases have been life-threatening requiring emergency treatment. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions, such as severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), have also been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibrate. These serious, delayed hypersensitivity reactions occurred within days to weeks of starting fenofibrate therapy. The cases of DRESS were associated with cutaneous reactions (e.g., rash or exfoliative dermatitis) and a combination of eosinophilia, fever, and systemic organ involvement (renal, hepatic, or respiratory). Urticaria and rash were reported in 1.1% and 1.4% of fenofibrate (at a dose equivalent to 135 mg fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules and 105 mg fenofibric acid tablets) patients, respectively, compared to 0% and 0.8% of placebo patients, respectively. If SCAR is suspected, discontinue fenofibric acid and treat individuals appropriately. Photosensitivity has been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibrate. Photosensitivity occurred within days to months of starting fenofibrate therapy and presented as erythematous, papulovesicular, eczematous eruptions, lichen planus-like eruption (lichenoid), or sunburn-like eruptions. The photosensitizing effect of fenofibrate may be due to the presence of benzophenone, double benzene rings connected by a ketone group. Benzophenones, photoexcited structures, mediate phototoxic reactions through the absorption of UV light and induction of electronic excitation. Some individuals who experienced fenofibrate photosensitivity reactions reported a prior photosensitivity reaction to ketoprofen. Cross-photosensitization may occur between fenofibrate and other benzophenone-containing medications or products, such as ketoprofen or certain sunscreens.
Myalgia, muscle spasms, and rhabdomyolysis have been reported with fenofibric acid therapy. In clinical trials of fenofibric acid monotherapy, myalgia, and pain in the extremity were reported in 3% or more of patients. Fenofibric acid increases the risk of myopathy and the risk of serious adverse muscle effects is higher in elderly individuals and in those with diabetes, renal impairment, or hypothyroidism. Concomitant use of fibrates, such as fenofibric acid, with statins may increase the risk of these events; the risk is greatest with gemfibrozil. An increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) occurred in 3% patients treated with fenofibrate monotherapy (at a dose equivalent to 135 mg fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules and 105 mg fenofibric acid tablets) compared to 1.4% of patients treated with placebo. Myopathy should be considered in any patient with diffuse myalgias, muscle tenderness or myasthenia, and/or marked elevations of CPK concentrations. Advise patients to promptly report any unexplained muscle pain/musculoskeletal pain, tenderness, or weakness, especially if accompanied by malaise or fever; assess CPK concentrations in individuals reporting these symptoms. Discontinue fenofibric acid therapy if myopathy or myositis is suspected or diagnosed or if CPK concentrations are markedly elevated. Asthenia has been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibric acid.
In fenofibrate trials (at a dose equivalent to 135 mg fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules and 105 mg fenofibric acid tablets), the incidence of back pain was 3.4% compared to 2.5% with placebo. In clinical trials of fenofibric acid monotherapy, arthralgia and pain were reported in 3% or more of patients.
Mild to moderate anemia and leukopenia have been reported in patients following initiation of fenofibrate therapy. The decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell counts generally plateau with long-term treatment. Thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis have also been reported with fenofibrate therapy. Periodic monitoring of red and white blood cell counts is recommended during the first 12 months of fenofibric acid therapy.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) have been reported in fenofibrate clinical trials. In the FIELD trial, PE and DVT were observed at higher rates in the fenofibrate group compared to the placebo group. Deep vein thrombosis was reported in 48 (1%) patients in the placebo group and 67 (1%) in the fenofibrate group (p = 0.074); pulmonary embolism (PE) was reported in 32 (0.7%) patients in the placebo group compared to 53 (1%) in the fenofibrate group (p = 0.022). In the Coronary Drug Project, suspected fatal or nonfatal PE or thrombophlebitis occurred more frequently in the clofibrate group compared to placebo (5.2% vs. 3.3% at five years; p less than 0.01).
Nervous system effects have been reported with fenofibric acid therapy. During double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, headache was reported in 3.2% of patients compared to 2.7% of those receiving placebo. Dizziness was reported in 3% or more of patients during fenofibric acid monotherapy trials. When used in combination with statins, the incidence of dizziness was approximately 4%.
Fenofibric acid may cause rhinitis. Among 439 fenofibrate recipients (at a dose equivalent to 135 mg fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules and 105 mg fenofibric acid tablets), 2.3% had rhinitis and 6.2% had a respiratory disorder compared with 1.1% and 5.5%, respectively, of placebo recipients. Naso-pharyngitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infection were reported in 3% or more of patients receiving fenofibric acid monotherapy in clinical trials. Interstitial lung disease has been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibric acid.
Severely decreased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration, to as low as 2 mg/dL, has been reported in diabetic and non-diabetic patients initiated on fibrate therapy. The decrease in HDL-C is mirrored by a decrease in apolipoprotein A1 and may occur within 2 weeks or years after initiation of the fibrate. The clinical significance of this decrease is unknown. HDL-C remains depressed as long as fibrate therapy is continued; however, withdrawal of the fibrate results in a rapid and sustained increase in HDL-C. Monitor HDL-C concentrations within the first few months after initiation of fenofibric acid. Discontinue fenofibric acid if HDL-C is severely depressed and continue monitoring until HDL-C has returned to baseline. Do not restart fibrate therapy in patients who have had a severe decrease in HDL-C.
Renal failure has been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibric acid. Elevations in serum creatinine have been reported with fenofibric acid. In a pooled analysis of 3 clinical studies, 0.8% of patients in the fenofibric acid delayed-release capsule group experienced a creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL. The elevations in serum creatinine generally remained stable with long-term use with no evidence of continued increases in serum creatinine levels. Elevations in serum creatinine tended to return to baseline following fenofibric acid discontinuation. It is recommended to monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment. Consider renal function monitoring in patients at risk for renal insufficiency, such as the elderly and those with diabetes.
Fenofibric acid impairs the absorption of vitamin B12 and may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. Consider supplementation of vitamin B12 during fenofibric acid therapy.
Insufficient data are available to determine the impact of fenofibrate therapy on the risk of coronary heart disease (cardiac disease) morbidity and mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality, particularly in patients receiving statin therapy and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk has been observed in individuals with elevated triglycerides and low HDL-C concentrations. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial showed combination therapy with fenofibrate and simvastatin does not reduce the rate of cardiovascular disease in high risk type 2 diabetics compared to simvastatin alone. The ACCORD trial was conducted in 10,251 high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly assigned to either intensive or standard glycemic control; 5518 patients were randomly assigned to simvastatin plus fenofibrate or simvastatin plus placebo. The addition of fenofibrate to simvastatin did not result in a statistically significant difference in the rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes, during a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (2.2% in the fenofibrate groups vs. 2.4% in the placebo group; HR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.08, p = 0.32). The annual rate of death from any cause was 1.5% in the fenofibrate group vs. 1.6% in the placebo group (HR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.10, p = 0.33). Although there was a trend toward benefit in a subgroup of patients with both a triglyceride level in the highest third and an HDL cholesterol level in the lowest third, the difference was not statistically significant. Another subgroup analysis showed men seemed to benefit from the addition of fenofibrate; whereas, there was a trend toward harm in women. The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study was a 5-year randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating the use of fenofibrate in 9795 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fenofibrate demonstrated a non-significant 11% relative reduction in the primary outcome of coronary heart disease events and a significant 11% reduction in the secondary outcome of total cardiovascular disease events (HR 0.89 (0.89-0.99), p=0.04). Further results indicate a non-significant 11% and 19% increase in total and coronary heart disease mortality, respectively, associated with the use of fenofibrate as compared to placebo. A prespecified analysis of the FIELD study to assess the effects of fenofibrate on amputation rates found the risk of first time amputation was 36% lower in patients taking fenofibrate compared with placebo (HR 0.64 (0.44-0.94), p=0.02), which is attributed to the lower risks of minor amputations (i.e., below the ankle) associated with fenofibrate versus placebo (HR 0.54 (0.34-0.85), p=0.007). Conversely, the risk of major amputations (i.e., above the ankle) did not differ significantly between the fenofibrate and placebo groups (HR 0.93 (0.53-1.62), p=0.79). Gemfibrozil monotherapy for primary and secondary prevention has demonstrated reduction in cardiovascular disease-related outcomes. Fenofibrate may be indicated for individuals with severe hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 500 mg/dL) or as add-on therapy in individuals on statin therapy who have moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia (150 to 499 mg/dL and greater than 500 mg/dL, respectively). Due to the lower risk of myopathy and drug interactions, fenofibrate is preferred over gemfibrozil. Icosapent ethyl is preferred adjunctive therapy in individuals with persistently elevated triglycerides who require additional ASCVD risk reducton.
Fenofibric acid is contraindicated in individuals with severe renal impairment (eGFR less than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2), including renal failure or severe renal disease, and those on dialysis. A reduced fenofibric acid dose is recommended for individuals with mild to moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30 to 59 mL/minute/1.73 m2). Elevations in serum creatinine have been reported in patients receiving fenofibrate therapy; however, the clinical significance of these elevations is unknown. Following discontinuation of therapy, serum creatinine levels typically return to baseline levels. The risk of rhabdomyolysis, myositis, and myopathy may be increased in those with renal failure receiving fenofibric acid therapy. Consider monitoring renal function in individuals with renal impairment and those at risk for renal insufficiency, such as the elderly or those with diabetes.
Fenofibric acid is contraindicated in patients with active hepatic disease, including those with primary biliary cirrhosis and unexplained persistent liver function abnormalities. Serious drug-induced liver injury (DILI), including liver transplantation and death, have been reported with postmarketing use of fenofibric acid. DILI has been characterized as hepatocellular, chronic active, and cholestatic hepatitis, as well as, cirrhosis in association with chronic active hepatitis. Reports of DILI have occurred within the first few weeks to several months after therapy initiation and was reversible in some cases following discontinuation. In clinical trials, fenofibric acid 135 mg was associated with elevations in AST or ALT. Based on the incidence observed with fenofibrate therapy, increases in transaminases may be dose-related. Monitor liver function, including AST, ALT, and bilirubin, at baseline and periodically throughout fenofibric acid therapy. If a patient experiences persistent LFT elevations (ALT or AST greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal or if accompanied by elevations in bilirubin) or develops signs or symptoms of liver injury, discontinue fenofibric acid. Do not restart fenofibric acid therapy in these patients if there is no alternative explanation for the liver injury.
Fenofibric acid is contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing gallbladder disease since it may exacerbate this condition. Similar to clofibrate and gemfibrozil, fenofibric acid increases cholesterol excretion and decreases bile acid excretion into bile resulting in cholesterol saturation and an increased risk of cholelithiasis and cholesterol gallstones. If gallstones develop, discontinue fenofibric acid therapy.
Caution should be used when fenofibric acid is used in patients with thromboembolic disease. In clinical trials, fenofibrate and clofibrate have been associated with pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and thrombophlebitis. Fenofibric acid may potentiate the effects of coumarin-type anticoagulants, thus, caution should be used when prescribing fenofibric acid to patients receiving warfarin therapy.
The risk for fenofibric acid-associated serious muscle toxicity, including myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, appears to be increased in geriatric individuals. While the oral clearance of fenofibric acid following a single dose was similar to that observed in young adults, the incidence of renal impairment is higher in elderly patients and the risk of fenofibric acid-related adverse effects is greater in those with impaired renal function. Thus, dose selection for geriatric individuals should be based on renal function and consideration given to monitoring renal function during fenofibric acid therapy.
Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for serious muscle toxicity, including myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, when treated with fibric acid therapy. Additionally, because fenofibrate therapy has been associated with elevations in serum creatinine, renal monitoring should be considered in patients at increased risk for renal impairment including those with diabetes. Of note, fenofibrate was not shown to reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in 2 large, randomized controlled trials of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Use fenofibric acid cautiously in those patients with hypothyroidism. The risk for fenofibric acid-associated serious muscle toxicity, including myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, appears to be increased in patients with hypothyroidism.
Use fenofibric acid during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Limited data with fenofibrate use in human pregnancy are insufficient to determine an associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, no evidence of embryofetal toxicity was observed with oral fenofibrate administration during organogenesis at doses less than or equivalent to the maximum recommended clinical dose (based on body surface area). Adverse reproductive outcomes, such as increased fetal skeletal malformations, aborted litters, post-implantation loss, and decreased pup survival, occurred at higher doses in the presence of maternal toxicity in pregnant rabbits and rats.
Fenofibric acid is contraindicated in breast-feeding women. Advise women to not breast-feed during fenofibrate treatment and for 5 days after the final dose due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in breast-fed infants (e.g., disruption of infant lipid metabolism). There is no available information on the presence of fenofibric acid in human milk, effects of the drug on the breast-fed infant, or the effects on milk production. If pharmacotherapy is necessary for the nursing mother, consider a nonabsorbable resin such as cholestyramine, colesevelam, or colestipol. These agents do not enter the bloodstream and therefore will not be excreted during lactation. However, resins bind fat-soluble vitamins, and prolonged use may result in deficiencies of these vitamins in the mother and her nursing infant.
-Fibrates are expected to lower triglyceride concentrations by 20% to 55%.
-Patients should be placed on an appropriate lipid-lowering diet prior to and while receiving fenofibric acid therapy. Excess body weight, excess alcohol intact, dietary indiscretion, and poor glycemic control are important factors in conditions of elevated triglycerides and should be addressed prior to initiating fenofibric acid therapy.
-Monitor lipid concentrations at 4 to 12 weeks after initiation or dose adjustment.
-Insufficient data are available to determine the impact of fenofibric acid therapy on the risk of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality, particularly in patients receiving statin therapy and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk has been observed in individuals with elevated triglycerides and low HDL-C concentrations.
For use as an adjunct to diet for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia (i.e., triglycerides 500 mg/dL or more):
-for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia:
Oral dosage (fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules, TriLipix):
Adults: 45 mg to 135 mg PO once daily. Monitor lipid concentrations at 4 to 8-week intervals and adjust dose as needed to a maximum dosage of 135 mg PO once daily.
Oral dosage (fenofibric acid tablets, Fibricor):
Adults: 35 mg to 105 mg PO once daily. Monitor lipid concentrations at 4 to 8-week intervals and adjust dose as needed to a maximum dosage of 105 mg PO once daily.
For the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia as an adjunct to dietary control:
NOTE: Fenofibric acid may be used as add-on therapy for individuals on statin therapy who have moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia (150 to 499 mg/dL or greater than 500 mg/dL, respectively) to reduce the risk of pancreatitis. Due to lower risk of myopathy and drug interactions, fenofibric acid is preferred over gemfibrozil. Icosapent ethyl is preferred adjunctive therapy in individuals with persistently elevated triglycerides who require additional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction.
Oral dosage (fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules, TriLipix):
Adults: 135 mg PO once daily.
Oral dosage (fenofibric acid tablets, Fibricor):
Adults: 105 mg PO once daily.
Maximum Dosage Limits:
-Adults
135 mg/day PO of fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules (TriLipix); 105 mg/day PO fenofibric acid tablets (Fibricor).
-Geriatric
135 mg/day PO of fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules (TriLipix); 105 mg/day PO fenofibric acid tablets (Fibricor).
-Adolescents
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
-Children
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
-Infants
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
-Neonates
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Patients with Hepatic Impairment Dosing
Contraindicated in patients with active liver disease, including primary biliary cirrhosis, and in patients with an unexplained persistent liver function abnormalities.
Patients with Renal Impairment Dosing
eGFR 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and greater: No dosage adjustment is necessary.
eGFR 30 to 59 mL/minute/1.73 m2: Initially, 35 mg fenofibric acid tablets (e.g., Fibricor) or 45 mg fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules (e.g., TriLipix) PO once daily. Do not increase dosage until the effects of the initial dosage on renal function and serum lipid concentrations have been fully evaluated.
eGFR less than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2: Contraindicated.
Intermittent hemodialysis
Contraindicated in patients undergoing dialysis.
*non-FDA-approved indication
Acarbose: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion.
Acetaminophen; Aspirin; Diphenhydramine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Acetaminophen; Ibuprofen: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Alogliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Alogliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Alogliptin; Pioglitazone: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant pioglitazone and fenofibric acid use; a pioglitazone dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion.
Amlodipine; Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Use caution and the lowest atorvastatin dose necessary if coadministration with fenofibric acid is necessary due to an increased risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Carefully weigh the potential benefits and risk of combined therapy. Use the lowest possible atorvastatin dose. Closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness especially during the initial months of therapy and during upward titration of either drug. There is no assurance that periodic monitoring of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) will prevent the occurrence of myopathy.
Amlodipine; Celecoxib: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as celecoxib, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of celecoxib during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Amlodipine; Valsartan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as valsartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of valsartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Amlodipine; Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as valsartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of valsartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as omeprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of omeprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as carisoprodol, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of carisoprodol during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as omeprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of omeprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Use caution and the lowest atorvastatin dose necessary if coadministration with fenofibric acid is necessary due to an increased risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Carefully weigh the potential benefits and risk of combined therapy. Use the lowest possible atorvastatin dose. Closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness especially during the initial months of therapy and during upward titration of either drug. There is no assurance that periodic monitoring of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) will prevent the occurrence of myopathy.
Bempedoic Acid; Ezetimibe: (Moderate) Ezetimibe was approved by the FDA for use in combination with fenofibrate as adjunctive therapy to diet for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia in May 2006. However, the safety and effective use of ezetimibe when coadministered with other fibric acid derivatives such as gemfibrozil or clofibrate has not been established. Until further data are available to support efficacy and safety, ezetimibe is not recommended for use with gemfibrozil. Fibrates may increase cholesterol excretion into the bile, leading to cholelithiasis. In a preclinical study in dogs, ezetimibe increased cholesterol in the gallbladder bile. The incidence rates for cholecystectomy have been reported as 0.6% for fenofibrate monotherapy and 1.7% for combination therapy (ezetimibe plus fenofibrate), respectively. According to the manufacturer, the number of patients exposed to combination therapy versus fenofibrate or ezetimibe monotherapy has been inadequate to assess gallbladder disease risk. If cholelithiasis is suspected in a patient receiving ezetimibe and fenofibrate, gallbladder studies are indicated and alternative lipid-lowering therapy should be considered. In a pharmacokinetic study, concomitant fenofibrate or gemfibrozil administration increased total ezetimibe concentrations by approximately 1.5- or 1.7-fold, respectively. However, ezetimibe does not affect the pharmacokinetics of fenofibrate or the bioavailability of gemfibrozil.
Bexagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Bortezomib: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as bortezomib, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of bortezomib during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Bosentan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as bosentan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of bosentan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Bupivacaine; Meloxicam: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as meloxicam, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of meloxicam during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Canagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Canagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Candesartan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as candesartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of candesartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as candesartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of candesartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Carisoprodol: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as carisoprodol, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of carisoprodol during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Celecoxib: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as celecoxib, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of celecoxib during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Celecoxib; Tramadol: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as celecoxib, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of celecoxib during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Chenodiol: (Major) Fibric acid derivatives (i.e., clofibrate and perhaps other lipid-lowering fibrate drugs) increase hepatic cholesterol secretion, and encourage cholesterol gallstone formation and hence may counteract the effectiveness of chenodiol.
Chlorpheniramine; Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Cholestyramine: (Moderate) Based on reported interactions with gemfibrozil, cholestyramine can potentially reduce the oral bioavailability of fenofibric acid if these agents are administered together. Although the presence of a drug interaction is uncertain, patients should take fenofibric acid at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after cholestyramine to avoid affecting the bioavailability of fenofibric acid.
Citalopram: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as citalopram, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. The manufacturer of citalopram recommends 20 mg/day as the maximum daily dose of citalopram in patients receiving CYP2C19 inhibitors, due to the potential risk for QT prolongation. Monitor the therapeutic effect of citalopram during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Clomipramine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as clomipramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of clomipramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Clopidogrel: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as clopidogrel, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of clopidogrel during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Colchicine: (Moderate) Monitor for myopathy during concomitant colchicine and fibric acid derivative use. Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been reported with fibric acid derivatives coadministered with colchicine.
Colestipol: (Moderate) Based on reported interactions with gemfibrozil, colestipol can potentially reduce the oral bioavailability of fenofibric acid if these agents are administered together. Although the presence of a drug interaction is uncertain, patients should take fenofibric acid at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after colestipol to avoid affecting the bioavailability of fenofibric acid.
Dapagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Dapagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Dapagliflozin; Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Diazepam: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as diazepam, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diazepam during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Diclofenac: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diclofenac, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diclofenac during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Diclofenac; Misoprostol: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diclofenac, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diclofenac during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Diphenhydramine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid. (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Diphenhydramine; Naproxen: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of naproxen during coadministration with fenofibric acid. (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Dronabinol: (Moderate) Use caution if coadministration of dronabinol with fenofibric acid is necessary, and monitor for an increase in dronabinol-related adverse reactions (e.g., feeling high, dizziness, confusion, somnolence). Dronabinol is a CYP2C9 and 3A4 substrate; fenofibric acid is a weak-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use may result in elevated plasma concentrations of dronabinol.
Dulaglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Empagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Empagliflozin; Linagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Empagliflozin; Linagliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Empagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Ertugliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Ertugliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Ertugliflozin; Sitagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Escitalopram: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as escitalopram, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of escitalopram during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Etravirine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as etravirine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of etravirine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Exenatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Ezetimibe: (Moderate) Ezetimibe was approved by the FDA for use in combination with fenofibrate as adjunctive therapy to diet for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia in May 2006. However, the safety and effective use of ezetimibe when coadministered with other fibric acid derivatives such as gemfibrozil or clofibrate has not been established. Until further data are available to support efficacy and safety, ezetimibe is not recommended for use with gemfibrozil. Fibrates may increase cholesterol excretion into the bile, leading to cholelithiasis. In a preclinical study in dogs, ezetimibe increased cholesterol in the gallbladder bile. The incidence rates for cholecystectomy have been reported as 0.6% for fenofibrate monotherapy and 1.7% for combination therapy (ezetimibe plus fenofibrate), respectively. According to the manufacturer, the number of patients exposed to combination therapy versus fenofibrate or ezetimibe monotherapy has been inadequate to assess gallbladder disease risk. If cholelithiasis is suspected in a patient receiving ezetimibe and fenofibrate, gallbladder studies are indicated and alternative lipid-lowering therapy should be considered. In a pharmacokinetic study, concomitant fenofibrate or gemfibrozil administration increased total ezetimibe concentrations by approximately 1.5- or 1.7-fold, respectively. However, ezetimibe does not affect the pharmacokinetics of fenofibrate or the bioavailability of gemfibrozil.
Ezetimibe; Simvastatin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of fenofibric acid and simvastatin may increase the risk of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. This risk of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure is increased with higher doses of simvastatin. The serious risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis should be weighed carefully versus the benefits of combined 'statin' and fibrate therapy; there is no assurance that periodic monitoring of CK will prevent the occurrence of severe myopathy and renal damage. (Moderate) Ezetimibe was approved by the FDA for use in combination with fenofibrate as adjunctive therapy to diet for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia in May 2006. However, the safety and effective use of ezetimibe when coadministered with other fibric acid derivatives such as gemfibrozil or clofibrate has not been established. Until further data are available to support efficacy and safety, ezetimibe is not recommended for use with gemfibrozil. Fibrates may increase cholesterol excretion into the bile, leading to cholelithiasis. In a preclinical study in dogs, ezetimibe increased cholesterol in the gallbladder bile. The incidence rates for cholecystectomy have been reported as 0.6% for fenofibrate monotherapy and 1.7% for combination therapy (ezetimibe plus fenofibrate), respectively. According to the manufacturer, the number of patients exposed to combination therapy versus fenofibrate or ezetimibe monotherapy has been inadequate to assess gallbladder disease risk. If cholelithiasis is suspected in a patient receiving ezetimibe and fenofibrate, gallbladder studies are indicated and alternative lipid-lowering therapy should be considered. In a pharmacokinetic study, concomitant fenofibrate or gemfibrozil administration increased total ezetimibe concentrations by approximately 1.5- or 1.7-fold, respectively. However, ezetimibe does not affect the pharmacokinetics of fenofibrate or the bioavailability of gemfibrozil.
Fluoxetine: (Minor) As fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; while fluoxetine is a substrate of both. Although not formally studied, co-administration may lead to increased fluoxetine plasma concentrations and toxicity. Monitor the therapeutic effect of fluoxetine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Flurbiprofen: (Minor) As fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9; while flurbiprofen is a substrate of CYP2C9. Although not formally studied, co-administration may lead to increased fluriprofen plasma concentrations and toxicity. Monitor the therapeutic effect of flurbiprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Fluvastatin: (Major) Use caution when coadministering fluvastatin and fenofibric acid. The risk of myopathy increases when HMG-Co-A reductase inhibitors ('statins'), including fluvastatin, are administered concurrently with fibric acid derivatives. The serious risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis should be weighed carefully versus the benefits of combined 'statin' and fibrate therapy; there is no assurance that periodic monitoring of CK will prevent the occurrence of severe myopathy and renal damage.
Fosamprenavir: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as fosamprenavir, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of fosamprenavir during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Fosphenytoin: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as phenytoin, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of phenytoin during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Glimepiride: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant sulfonylurea and fenofibric acid use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Glipizide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant sulfonylurea and fenofibric acid use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Glipizide; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant sulfonylurea and fenofibric acid use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Glyburide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant sulfonylurea and fenofibric acid use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Glyburide; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant sulfonylurea and fenofibric acid use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Ibuprofen: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Ibuprofen; Famotidine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Ibuprofen; Oxycodone: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Imipramine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as imipramine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of imipramine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Incretin Mimetics: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Indomethacin: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as indomethacin, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of indomethacin during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Insulin Aspart: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Aspart; Insulin Aspart Protamine: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Degludec: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Degludec; Liraglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Detemir: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Glargine: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Glargine; Lixisenatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Glulisine: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Lispro: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin Lispro; Insulin Lispro Protamine: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulin, Inhaled: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Insulins: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Isophane Insulin (NPH): (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Lacosamide: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as lacosamide, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of lacosamide during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Lansoprazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as lansoprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of lansoprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Lansoprazole; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as lansoprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of lansoprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Linagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Linagliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Liraglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Lixisenatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Losartan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as losartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of losartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Losartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as losartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of losartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Lovastatin: (Moderate) Concurrent use of fenofibric acid and lovastatin may increase the risk of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. The serious risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis should be weighed carefully against the benefit of further alteration in lipid concentrations by the combined use of fenofibric acid and lovastatin.
Meloxicam: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as meloxicam, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of meloxicam during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Metformin; Repaglinide: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Metformin; Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Metformin; Sitagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Methadone: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as methadone, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of methadone during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Miglitol: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion.
Naproxen: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of naproxen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Naproxen; Esomeprazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of naproxen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of naproxen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Nateglinide: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Adjust nateglinide dosage if clinically indicated. Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion.
Nebivolol; Valsartan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as valsartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of valsartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Nelfinavir: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as nelfinavir, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of nelfinavir during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Olanzapine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as olanzapine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of olanzapine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Olanzapine; Fluoxetine: (Minor) As fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; while fluoxetine is a substrate of both. Although not formally studied, co-administration may lead to increased fluoxetine plasma concentrations and toxicity. Monitor the therapeutic effect of fluoxetine during coadministration with fenofibric acid. (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as olanzapine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of olanzapine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Olanzapine; Samidorphan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as olanzapine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of olanzapine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Omeprazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as omeprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of omeprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as omeprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of omeprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as omeprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of omeprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Paclitaxel: (Minor) Paclitaxel is a substrate of CYP2C8, and fenofibric acid is a weak CYP2C8 inhibitor. If coadministration is necessary, use caution and monitor for increased paclitaxel side effects, including myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy.
Phenobarbital: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as phenobarbital, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of phenobarbital during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Phenobarbital; Hyoscyamine; Atropine; Scopolamine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as phenobarbital, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of phenobarbital during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Phenytoin: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as phenytoin, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of phenytoin during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Pioglitazone: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant pioglitazone and fenofibric acid use; a pioglitazone dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Pioglitazone; Glimepiride: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant pioglitazone and fenofibric acid use; a pioglitazone dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant sulfonylurea and fenofibric acid use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Pioglitazone; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant metformin and fibric acid derivative use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant pioglitazone and fenofibric acid use; a pioglitazone dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Piroxicam: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as piroxicam, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of piroxicam during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Pitavastatin: (Moderate) Clinical practice guidelines state the concurrent use of fenofibric acid and pitavastatin is reasonable and preferred over gemfibrozil if statin/fibrate combination therapy is indicated. However, because combination therapy increases the risk of myopathy, caution is advised.
Pramlintide: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion.
Pravastatin: (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in pravastatin-related adverse reactions if coadministration with fenofibric acid is necessary. Concomitant use increases the risk for rhabdomyolysis and has been shown to increase the overall exposure of pravastatin by 13%.
Primidone: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as primidone, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of primidone during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Probenecid; Colchicine: (Moderate) Monitor for myopathy during concomitant colchicine and fibric acid derivative use. Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been reported with fibric acid derivatives coadministered with colchicine.
Propranolol: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as propranolol, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of propranolol during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Quinine: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates, such as quinine, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of quinine during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Rabeprazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as rabeprazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of rabeprazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Raltegravir: (Moderate) Raltegravir use has been associated with elevated creatinine kinase concentrations; myopathy and rhabdomyolysis have been reported. Use raltegravir cautiously with drugs that increase the risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis such as fibric acid derivatives.
Ramelteon: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ramelteon, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of ramelteon during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Red Yeast Rice: (Major) Since compounds in red yeast rice are chemically similar to and possess actions similar to lovastatin, patients should avoid this dietary supplement if they currently take drugs known to increase the risk of myopathy (e.g., fibric acid derivatives (gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate)) when coadministered with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
Regular Insulin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Regular Insulin; Isophane Insulin (NPH): (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant fibric acid derivatives and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Repaglinide: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion.
Rosiglitazone: (Moderate) Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when antidiabetic agents are administered with fibric acid derivatives (e.g., clofibrate, fenofibric acid, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil). Fibric acid derivatives may enhance the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetic agents through increased insulin sensitivity and decreased glucagon secretion.
Rosuvastatin: (Moderate) Clinical practice guidelines state the concurrent use of fenofibric acid and rosuvastatin is reasonable and preferred over gemfibrozil if statin/fibrate combination therapy is indicated. However, because combination therapy increases the risk of myopathy, caution is advised.
Rosuvastatin; Ezetimibe: (Moderate) Clinical practice guidelines state the concurrent use of fenofibric acid and rosuvastatin is reasonable and preferred over gemfibrozil if statin/fibrate combination therapy is indicated. However, because combination therapy increases the risk of myopathy, caution is advised. (Moderate) Ezetimibe was approved by the FDA for use in combination with fenofibrate as adjunctive therapy to diet for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia in May 2006. However, the safety and effective use of ezetimibe when coadministered with other fibric acid derivatives such as gemfibrozil or clofibrate has not been established. Until further data are available to support efficacy and safety, ezetimibe is not recommended for use with gemfibrozil. Fibrates may increase cholesterol excretion into the bile, leading to cholelithiasis. In a preclinical study in dogs, ezetimibe increased cholesterol in the gallbladder bile. The incidence rates for cholecystectomy have been reported as 0.6% for fenofibrate monotherapy and 1.7% for combination therapy (ezetimibe plus fenofibrate), respectively. According to the manufacturer, the number of patients exposed to combination therapy versus fenofibrate or ezetimibe monotherapy has been inadequate to assess gallbladder disease risk. If cholelithiasis is suspected in a patient receiving ezetimibe and fenofibrate, gallbladder studies are indicated and alternative lipid-lowering therapy should be considered. In a pharmacokinetic study, concomitant fenofibrate or gemfibrozil administration increased total ezetimibe concentrations by approximately 1.5- or 1.7-fold, respectively. However, ezetimibe does not affect the pharmacokinetics of fenofibrate or the bioavailability of gemfibrozil.
Sacubitril; Valsartan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as valsartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of valsartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Semaglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Sertraline: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as sertraline, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of sertraline during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
SGLT2 Inhibitors: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Sildenafil: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as sildenafil , has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of sildenafil during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Simvastatin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of fenofibric acid and simvastatin may increase the risk of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. This risk of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure is increased with higher doses of simvastatin. The serious risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis should be weighed carefully versus the benefits of combined 'statin' and fibrate therapy; there is no assurance that periodic monitoring of CK will prevent the occurrence of severe myopathy and renal damage.
Sitagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) and fibric acid derivative use; a DPP-4 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Sotagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and fibric acid derivative use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as sulfamethoxazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of sulfamethoxazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Sulfonylureas: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant sulfonylurea and fenofibric acid use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Sumatriptan; Naproxen: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of naproxen during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Thalidomide: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 substrates, such as thalidomide, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of thalidomide during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Tirzepatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant incretin mimetic and fibric acid derivative use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Concomitant use may cause an increased blood glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycemia.
Torsemide: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as torsemide, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of torsemide during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid, Ursodiol: (Major) Fibric acid derivatives increase hepatic cholesterol secretion, and encourage cholesterol gallstone formation and hence may counteract the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid, ursodiol.
Valsartan: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as valsartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of valsartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C9 substrates, such as valsartan, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of valsartan during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Voriconazole: (Minor) At therapeutic concentrations, fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Concomitant use of fenofibric acid with CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates such as voriconazole, has not been formally studied. Fenofibric acid may theoretically increase plasma concentrations of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 substrates and could lead to toxicity for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Monitor the therapeutic effect of voriconazole during coadministration with fenofibric acid.
Warfarin: (Moderate) Fenofibric acid potentiates the effects of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, resulting in increased prothrombin times. Fibrates have been shown to decrease vitamin K dependent coagulation factor synthesis. Since these drugs are also highly protein-bound, it is possible that fenofibric acid displaces warfarin from protein-binding sites as a potential mechanism. Case reports of significant effects on warfarin exist for all fibrate drugs. Fenofibric acid is the active metabolite of fenofibrate. Three clinical case reports of fenofibrate and warfarin interactions have been reported in post-marketing surveillance of fenofibrate in the US and Europe. In one case, a male (47 years) who had been stable over a course of 20 weeks on his prescribed warfarin dose was admitted to the hospital one week after beginning treatment for hypertriglyceridemia with fenofibrate 201 mg/day. He presented with epigastric discomfort and hematuria. His INR on admission was > 8.5 (previously stabilized at 2 to 2.5 prior to fenofibrate). The patient received treatment with phytonadione and discontinuation of the medications. He was discharged 2 days later, but agreed to be rechallenged under a controlled protocol to confirm the interaction of the fenofibrate with his warfarin. After stabilization of his warfarin dose for 3 weeks, fenofibrate was restarted, and the patient was rechallenged on 2 occasions. Both times, an increase in INR above the therapeutic range occurred. In order to prevent bleeding complications, patients receiving warfarin concomitantly with fenofibric acid should have frequent INR determinations until it has been determined that the INR has been stabilized. A reduction in warfarin dose may be necessary.
Fenofibric acid is a synthetic ligand for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha). The PPARs are part of the nuclear hormone superfamily and are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in many metabolic effects, such as lipid and glucose metabolism. PPAR-alpha is expressed in tissues involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, specifically the liver, heart, kidney and muscle. Fenofibric acid activates PPAR-alpha thereby increasing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and decreasing production of apoprotein C-III (apo-C-III), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase. As a result, this increases lipolysis of triglycerides from chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and decreases plasma concentrations of triglyceride-rich particles. Triglyceride reduction alters the size and composition of LDL, changing it from small, dense particles to large buoyant particles that have a greater affinity for cholesterol receptors and are catabolized quicker. In addition, PPAR-alpha activation increases apoprotein A-I, apoprotein A-II, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Fenofibric acid also reduces serum uric acid levels by increasing urinary excretion of uric acid.
Fenofibric acid, the active metabolite of fenofibrate, is administered orally. Plasma concentrations of fenofibric acid reach steady state after 8 to 9 days and steady state concentrations are approximately double those following a single fenofibric acid dose. In normal and dyslipidemic patients, fenofibric acid is extensively protein bound (99%). Fenofibric acid is primarily conjugated with glucuronic acid; however, a small portion is reduced at the carbonyl moiety to a benzhydrol metabolite, which subsequently undergoes conjugation to with glucuronic acid. Primary route of excretion is via the urine as fenofibric acid and fenofibric acid glucuronide. The elimination half-life of fenofibric acid is 20 hours.
Affected cytochrome P450 isoenzymes: CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2A6
Fenofibric acid is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP2A6, and a mild-to-moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9 at therapeutic concentrations. Fenofibric acid is not metabolized by the CYP isoenzymes.
-Route-Specific Pharmacokinetics
Oral Route
-Delayed-release capsules (e.g., Trilipix): Fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules are well absorbed, with an absolute bioavailability of approximately 81%. Under fasting conditions, the peak plasma concentrations occur within 4 to 5 hours after administration of a single oral dose. There are no significant differences in Cmax and AUC following administration of a single 135 mg dose under fasting and fed conditions; thus, fenofibric acid may be administered without regard to meals. When administered under fed conditions, plasma concentrations of a single fenofibric acid 135 mg delayed-release capsule are equivalent to concentrations of a single fenofibrate micronized 200 mg capsule.
-Tablets (e.g., Fibricor): The absolute bioavailability of fenofibric acid tablets has not been determined. Peak plasma concentrations occur approximately 2.5 hours after administration. Administration of either three 35 mg tablets or one 105 mg tablet result in comparable plasma concentrations. Compared to administration under fasting conditions, Cmax decreased by 35% and AUC was unchanged following administration of fenofibric tablets with a high-fat meal; this reduction is not considered to be clinically significant. Fenofibric acid tablets may be administered without regard to meals. When administered under fasting conditions, the extent and rate of absorption of fenofibric acid 105 mg tablet is equivalent to fenofibrate 145 mg tablet (Tricor).
-Special Populations
Hepatic Impairment
Fenofibric acid has not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment.
Renal Impairment
The pharmacokinetics of fenofibric acid are altered in patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment. Compared to healthy subjects, patients with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] less than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2) have a 2.7-fold increase in exposure and accumulation of fenofibric acid during chronic dosing compared to healthy subjects. Patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30 to 59 mL/minute/1.73 m2) have similar exposure to fenofibric acid but experience an increase in the half-life compared to healthy subjects. Fenofibric acid is not removed by hemodialysis. Fenofibric acid is contraindicated in individuals with severe renal impairment, including those receiving dialysis. Dose reduction is required in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment.
Pediatrics
Fenofibric acid pharmacokinetics have not been studies in the pediatric population.
Geriatric
Following a single oral dose of fenofibrate, oral clearance of fenofibric acid is 1.2 L/hour for elderly individuals (77 to 87 years of age) and 1.1 L/hour for young adults. Thus, elderly and young adults may use an equivalent fenofibric acid dose.
Gender Differences
Gender has not been shown to have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of fenofibric acid.
Ethnic Differences
While the influence of race on fenofibric acid pharmacokinetics has not been studied, it is not metabolized by enzymes known for exhibiting inter-ethnic variability.