Sorbitol (chemical designation D-glucitol) is a sugar alcohol found naturally in fruits. It is used as a low-calorie sweetener in some sugarless candies and gum and has been studied in the prevention of dental caries. Similar to some other sugar alcohols, the FDA has approved the label 'does not promote tooth decay' for sugar-free foods that contain sorbitol. Sorbitol is used as a humectant in some saliva substitutes, as a genitourinary irrigant during transurethral surgical procedures, and as a laxative. When used for constipation its hyperosmotic laxative effects are equivalent to lactulose, and it is a less expensive alternative; however, it is usually not first line treatment for constipation due to abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea. Use in combination with sodium polystyrene sulfonate for hyperkalemia is not recommended due to reports of bowel necrosis. It can be used with activated charcoal in some oral overdose or poison ingestions to facilitate the charcoal-toxin complex through the GI tract. Sorbitol has been recognized by the FDA as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). It was approved by the FDA as a topical bladder irrigant in May 1980. Numoisyn products (lozenges and oral solution) were approved by the FDA in 2006.
General Administration Information
For storage information, see the specific product information within the How Supplied section.
Route-Specific Administration
Oral Administration
Oral Solid Formulations
-Administer lozenge and instruct patient to dissolve slowly in mouth as needed. For optimal effect, instruct patient to move lozenge around in mouth.
Oral Liquid Formulations
-Use a calibrated measuring device for accurate dosing.
-May be administered with or without food.
Topical Administration
Other Topical Formulations
Oropharyngeal administration (for xerostomia):
Numoisyn oral solution:
-Instruct patient to rinse the solution around in the mouth before swallowing. Administer as needed.
Saliva Substitute topical oropharyngeal solution:
-Administer topically inside the mouth to keep oral mucosa and pharynx moist as needed.
Urological irrigant:
-Visually inspect irrigant products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.
-Not for injection.
-Aseptic technique is required.
-Check for minute leaks or damage by squeezing the bag firmly or inverting the container. If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired.
-Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly. Do not store.
Directions for use of PIC Containers:
-In addition to above:
-Before use, read the label. Ensure solution is the one ordered and is within the expiration date.
-Outer Closure Removal - Grasp the container with one hand and turn the breakaway ring counterclockwise with the other hand until slight resistance is felt. Then, twisting the container in the opposite direction, turn the breakaway ring sharply until the entire outer cap is loose and can be lifted off.
-Connect the administration set through the sterile set port according to set instructions or remove screw cap and pour.
-Do not warm above 150 degrees F to assure minimal bottle distortion. Keep bottles upright.
-Single dose container. Do not store once opened. Discard unused portion.
Rectal Administration
Rectal enema (using sorbitol 70% oral solution):
-Use sorbitol 70% oral solution with an empty enema device to make 25-30% rectal enema (1 part 70% oral solution diluted with 2.3 parts water).
-Positioning for insertion: 1.) Left-side position: lie on left side with knee bent and arms at rest. 2.) Knee-chest position: kneel, then lower head and chest forward until left side of face is resting on surface. Position arms comfortably.
-With steady pressure, gently insert enema with tip pointing toward navel.
-Squeeze bottle until recommended dose is expelled. It is not necessary to empty unit; a small amount of liquid will remain after squeezing.
-Remove tip from rectum.
-Maintain position until urge to evacuate is strong.
-Discontinue use if resistance is encountered; forcing enema can result in injury.
Orally administered sorbitol is associated with gastrointestinal adverse reactions including abdominal pain or cramping, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, and dose-dependent diarrhea; amounts as little as 10 g may produce diarrhea in healthy individuals. The FDA mandates food labeling of sorbitol read 'Excess consumption may have a laxative effect' in foods with a possible daily consumption of 50 g or more. When sorbitol is administered as a rectal enema, pruritus ani and rectal/GI bleeding have occurred. Inhibition of intestinal absorption of vitamin B 12 has been reported with the use of sorbitol bladder irrigant.
When large volumes of sorbitol irrigation solution are used, systemic absorption can occur and can lead to hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus, slight increases in serum glucose, and blurred vision. If adverse reactions occur, discontinue the urological irrigation, evaluate the clinical status of the patient, and institute any needed corrective measures.
When large volumes of sorbitol irrigation solution are used, systemic absorption can occur and could potentially lead to hypotension, sinus tachycardia, edema, and angina-like pains. Intravenous infusions of sorbitol have been associated with the development of pulmonary edema; if large volumes of the urological irrigation solution are used and systemically absorbed, pulmonary edema is possible. If adverse reactions occur, discontinue the urological irrigation, evaluate the clinical status of the patient, and institute any needed corrective measures.
When large volumes of sorbitol irrigation solution are used, systemic absorption can occur and could potentially lead to fluid and electrolyte disturbances, such as metabolic acidosis, electrolyte loss, and dehydration. Intravenous infusions of sorbitol have been associated with the development of marked diuresis and urinary retention; if large volumes of the urological irrigation solution are used and systemically absorbed, these adverse events are possible. If adverse reactions occur, discontinue the urological irrigation, evaluate the clinical status of the patient, and institute any needed corrective measures.
Intravenous infusions of sorbitol have been associated with the development of adverse reactions, such as urticaria, rhinitis, chills, back pain, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dry mouth or increased thirst (i.e., xerostomia). If large volumes of the urological irrigation solution are used and systemically absorbed, these adverse reactions are possible. If adverse reactions occur, discontinue the urological irrigation, evaluate the clinical status of the patient, and institute any needed corrective measures.
Topically applied oromucosal sorbitol products, used for relief from xerostomia, have been associated with dysgeusia, dysphagia, and altered speech.
When large volumes of sorbitol irrigation solution are used, systemic absorption can occur and could potentially lead to serious adverse effects including seizures. If adverse reactions occur, discontinue the urological irrigation, evaluate the clinical status of the patient, and institute any needed corrective measures.
Sorbitol urologic irrigation solution is contraindicated in patients with anuria and should be used with caution in patients with severe renal disease / dysfunction. Urologic irrigation fluids have been demonstrated to enter the systemic circulation in relatively large volumes; absorption of large volumes can result in osmotic diuresis that may significantly affect renal dynamics. Use with caution in elderly patients as they are more susceptible to age-related renal disease.
Sorbitol therapy is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to sorbitol, have hereditary fructose intolerance, or have a known or suspected hypersensitivity to any ingredient or excipient in this product.
Use sorbitol urologic irrigation solution cautiously in patients with cardiopulmonary dysfunction (i.e., cardiac disease, pulmonary disease). Urologic irrigation fluids have been demonstrated to enter the systemic circulation in relatively large volumes; absorption of large volumes can alter cardiopulmonary function and significant expansion of intravascular fluid can lead to heart failure. Because fluid overload may occur, appropriate patient monitoring should be maintained. Additionally, electrolyte monitoring should be continued beyond the acute phase due to delayed fluid absorption.
Sorbitol urologic irrigation fluid is not intended for parenteral administration.
Use sorbitol urologic irrigation solution cautiously in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is a sugar alcohol and once metabolized, hyperglycemia may occur in patients with diabetes. Sorbitol should not be used in patients unable to metabolize sorbitol rapidly enough to avoid the development of hyperosmolar states, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).
Use sorbitol oral/oromucosal solutions and lozenges with caution in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and diverticulitis. Even in relatively small doses, sorbitol may cause abdominal pain/cramping and diarrhea which may aggravate these conditions (see Adverse Reactions). Some sorbitol products include linseed (or flaxseed) extract and patients on a high linseed diet may experience abdominal discomfort.
Use sorbitol urologic irrigation solution cautiously in patients with electrolyte imbalance. In particular, patients with hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypovolemia, and dehydration should be closely monitored as these conditions could worsen with systemic absorption of the solution and potential subsequent osmotic diuresis. Monitor the patient for fluid overload, which requires intensive fluid and electrolyte management; delayed fluid absorption may occur necessitating monitoring beyond the acute phase.
Sorbitol products are not approved for use in neonates or infants. Children and adolescents >= 2 years can receive sorbitol via rectal enema for the relief of constipation, and those >= 12 years can receive the oral solution for constipation.
Sorbitol use has not been systematically studied in well-controlled trials during human pregnancy; use therapeutic pharmaceutical oral products (e.g., sorbitol 70% w/w oral solutions marketed as laxatives) with caution during pregnancy as safer alternatives may be present for some indications. Overuse or excessive dosage of sorbitol oral solution may cause dehydration or other metabolic disturbances in the pregnant individual, which may affect the fetus, and pregnant patients should obtain expert advice and approval before use of these dosage forms. When systemically absorbed, sorbitol will be either metabolized to carbon dioxide and water via the fructose pathway, or excreted by a normally functioning kidney. Laxatives with more data regarding their safe use during pregnancy are available; for example, guidelines recommend use of polyethylene glycol PEG 3350 nonprescription products, magnesium hydroxide, or other osmotic laxatives over sorbitol for occasional constipation not responding to first-line measures with fluid and diet intake, bulk/fiber (e.g, psyllium) laxatives or stool softeners (e.g., docusate sodium or calcium). It is not known if sorbitol bladder irrigation solution can cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy, and it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Sorbitol is a commonly used sugar alcohol found as a sweetener in food and oral drug products such as throat lozenges and some saliva substitutes; use of these types of products containing sorbitol is generally recognized as safe and is thought to have low risk for fetal harm.
Caution should be exercised when sorbitol is administered to a breast-feeding individual. It is not known if sorbitol is excreted in human milk; the systemic absorption of sorbitol in the treated individual is dependent on the route of administration, the indication for use, and the chronicity of use. If absorbed either intravascularly or extravascularly during irrigant use, the sorbitol will be either metabolized to carbon dioxide and water via the fructose pathway, or excreted by a normally functioning kidney. Sorbitol oral ingestion has been studied in lactating rats and their offspring; after 14 days of being breastfed the exposed offspring exhibited important metabolic alterations and genotoxic responses, including myelotoxicity and myelosuppression. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition.
Geriatric adults are more susceptible to age-related declines in cardiac function, which may lead to side effects in the use of sorbitol urologic irrigations. Use with particular caution in older adults with known cardiopulmonary dysfunction (i.e., cardiac disease, pulmonary disease). Systemic absorption of fluid from sorbitol irrigations can expand intravascular fluid and can lead to heart failure. Because fluid overload may occur, appropriate patient monitoring should be maintained; monitor electrolytes beyond the acute phase due to delayed fluid absorption.
For urologic irrigation during transurethral surgery:
Urologic instillation:
Adults: Administer as required for urologic irrigation.
Neonates, Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
For the treatment of constipation:
Oral dosage (70% oral solution):
Adults, Adolescents, and Children >= 12 years: 30-45 ml (27 to 40 grams) PO once daily.
Neonates, Infants, and Children < 12 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Rectal dosage:
NOTE: Use sorbitol 70% oral solution to make 25-30% rectal enema (1 part 70% solution diluted with 2.3 parts water).
Adults, Adolescents, and Children >= 12 years: 120 ml of a 25-30% sorbitol solution administered rectally as an enema once daily.
Children 2 to 11 years: 30-60 ml of a 25-30% sorbitol solution administered rectally as an enema once daily.
Neonates, Infants, and Children < 2 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
For the treatment of xerostomia:
Topical oropharyngeal dosage (Saliva Substitute):
Adults, Adolescents, and Children: Administer topically inside the mouth as needed to keep oral mucosa and pharynx moist.
Neonates and Infants: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Oral dosage (Numoisyn oral solution):
Adults: Administer 2 ml PO as needed; instruct patient to rinse the solution around in mouth before swallowing.
Neonates, Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Oral dosage (Numoisyn oral lozenges):
Adults: Instruct patient to dissolve 1 lozenge slowly and completely in the mouth, and move the lozenge around for optimal effect, as needed to keep mouth moist. Do not exceed 16 lozenges in 24 hours.
Neonates, Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Maximum Dosage Limits:
-Adults
16 lozenges/24 hours PO for xerostomia; 45 ml/day PO and 120 ml/day PR for constipation.
-Geriatric
16 lozenges/24 hours PO for xerostomia; 45 ml/day PO and 120 ml/day PR for constipation.
-Adolescents
45 ml/day PO and 120 ml/day PR for constipation.
-Children
>= 12 years: 45 ml/day PO and 120 ml/day PR for constipation.
2-11 years: 60 ml/day PR for constipation; safety and efficacy for PO administration have not been established.
< 2 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
-Infants
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
-Neonates
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Patients with Hepatic Impairment Dosing
Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in hepatic impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed.
Patients with Renal Impairment Dosing
Use cautiously in patients with renal disease. Dosage should be modified depending on clinical response and degree of renal impairment, but no quantitative recommendations are available.
*non-FDA-approved indication
Abacavir; Dolutegravir; Lamivudine: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Abacavir; Lamivudine, 3TC: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Abacavir; Lamivudine, 3TC; Zidovudine, ZDV: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone: (Minor) Concurrent use of hydrocodone with strong laxatives that rapidly increase gastrointestinal motility, such as sorbitol, may decrease hydrocodone absorption. Closely monitor patients for changing analgesic requirements or adverse events.
Atropine; Difenoxin: (Moderate) Diphenoxylate can decrease GI motility. Drugs used to treat constipation, such as laxatives, would counteract the effect of antidiarrheals. In general, it would be illogical to concurrently administer these drugs at the same time. If an antidiarrheal medication is needed, it would be wise to temporarily discontinue use of agents with laxative effects.
Bumetanide: (Moderate) Loop diuretics may increase the risk of hypokalemia especially in patients receiving prolonged therapy with laxatives. Monitor serum potassium levels to determine the need for potassium supplementation and/or alteration in drug therapy.
Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone: (Minor) Concurrent use of hydrocodone with strong laxatives that rapidly increase gastrointestinal motility, such as sorbitol, may decrease hydrocodone absorption. Closely monitor patients for changing analgesic requirements or adverse events.
Dichlorphenamide: (Moderate) Use dichlorphenamide and sorbitol together with caution. Metabolic acidosis is associated with the use of dichlorphenamide and has been reported with large volumes of sorbitol irrigation where systemic absorption occurs. Concurrent use may increase the severity of metabolic acidosis. Measure sodium bicarbonate concentrations at baseline and periodically during dichlorphenamide treatment. If metabolic acidosis occurs or persists, consider reducing the dose or discontinuing dichlorphenamide therapy.
Diphenoxylate; Atropine: (Moderate) Diphenoxylate can decrease GI motility. Drugs used to treat constipation, such as laxatives, would counteract the effect of antidiarrheals. In general, it would be illogical to concurrently administer these drugs at the same time. If an antidiarrheal medication is needed, it would be wise to temporarily discontinue use of agents with laxative effects.
Dolutegravir; Lamivudine: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Doravirine; Lamivudine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Ethacrynic Acid: (Moderate) Loop diuretics may increase the risk of hypokalemia especially in patients receiving prolonged therapy with laxatives. Monitor serum potassium levels to determine the need for potassium supplementation and/or alteration in drug therapy.
Furosemide: (Moderate) Loop diuretics may increase the risk of hypokalemia especially in patients receiving prolonged therapy with laxatives. Monitor serum potassium levels to determine the need for potassium supplementation and/or alteration in drug therapy.
Homatropine; Hydrocodone: (Minor) Concurrent use of hydrocodone with strong laxatives that rapidly increase gastrointestinal motility, such as sorbitol, may decrease hydrocodone absorption. Closely monitor patients for changing analgesic requirements or adverse events.
Hydrocodone: (Minor) Concurrent use of hydrocodone with strong laxatives that rapidly increase gastrointestinal motility, such as sorbitol, may decrease hydrocodone absorption. Closely monitor patients for changing analgesic requirements or adverse events.
Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen: (Minor) Concurrent use of hydrocodone with strong laxatives that rapidly increase gastrointestinal motility, such as sorbitol, may decrease hydrocodone absorption. Closely monitor patients for changing analgesic requirements or adverse events.
Lamivudine, 3TC: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Lamivudine, 3TC; Zidovudine, ZDV: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lamivudine oral solution and sorbitol if possible due to sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposure. An all-tablet regimen should be used when possible to avoid a potential interaction with sorbitol. Consider more frequent monitoring of viral load when treating with lamivudine oral solution. In a drug interaction study in 16 healthy adult patients, coadministration of a single 300 mg dose of lamivudine oral solution with sorbitol 3.2 g, 10.2 g, or 13.4 g resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 20%, 39%, and 44% in the AUC24 and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine.
Loop diuretics: (Moderate) Loop diuretics may increase the risk of hypokalemia especially in patients receiving prolonged therapy with laxatives. Monitor serum potassium levels to determine the need for potassium supplementation and/or alteration in drug therapy.
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of oral sorbitol solution with sodium polystyrene sulfonate has been implicated in cases of colonic necrosis. Concomitant administration is not recommended. Interactions of this nature have not been reported with sorbitol lozenge and irrigation dosage forms.
Torsemide: (Moderate) Loop diuretics may increase the risk of hypokalemia especially in patients receiving prolonged therapy with laxatives. Monitor serum potassium levels to determine the need for potassium supplementation and/or alteration in drug therapy.
Sorbitol, an isomer of mannitol, is a sugar alcohol found naturally in fruits and produced commercially from the reduction of glucose.
-Laxative activity: osmotic laxative that works by drawing water into the large intestine which produces a bowel movement.
-Saliva substitute: moisturizes the oral mucosa and pharynx and mimics natural saliva. Sorbitol can help relieve symptoms of dry mouth by enhancing swallowing, improving speech mechanics, and lubricating the oral cavity. It acts to replace moisture and lubricate the mouth, it does not stimulate salivary gland production.
-Urologic irrigant activity: acts as a lavage for the urinary bladder and prostate bed removing blood and tissue fragments, including during transurethral surgical procedures. Lavage helps prevent infection and increase visibility for procedures. Maintains the patency of an indwelling catheter in the immediate postoperative period.
Sorbitol is administered orally, rectally, and topically to the oral mucosa or as a surgical lavage. If sorbitol reaches systemic circulation, it is non-toxic and rapidly metabolized in the liver to fructose where it is excreted in the urine by the kidneys or metabolized to carbon dioxide and water.
-Route-Specific Pharmacokinetics
Oral Route
Absorption from the gut occurs slowly and minimal systemic exposure is expected. Sorbitol works locally in the intestines (primarily the large intestine) to produce a dose-dependent osmotic laxative effect. Laxative effects occur in 0.25-1 hour.
Topical Route
Minimal systemic absorption is expected with topical oropharyngeal application.
When used as an irrigating fluid, relatively large amounts of sorbitol can be absorbed intravascularly or extravascularly into systemic circulation.
-Special Populations
Other
Rectal route
Minimal systemic absorption is expected with rectal administration.